FAQ

A premature baby is a special little one who arrives in this world earlier than expected. Though fragile and so small they could fit in the palm of your hand, they carry an incredibly strong will to live.

A premature newborn is a baby born between 22 and 37 weeks of pregnancy, sometimes weighing as little as 500 grams. Many of their body systems are still underdeveloped, which means that the first days, weeks, or even months of life may be spent in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).

These tiny fighters face many life-critical challenges and have so much to overcome and learn. However, with professional care and advanced medical support, they grow stronger and gradually catch up with their peers.

Unstable body temperature

One of the most important things to know about a baby born prematurely is that they are unable to regulate their body temperature. To support vital functions, premature babies are usually cared for in incubators, where temperature is carefully controlled.

Very thin and dry skin

A premature baby’s skin is extremely thin – almost translucent – and highly sensitive. Even a gentle touch can be uncomfortable. Their skin also tends to dry out more easily and absorbs substances more quickly. Until the skin matures, proper humidity levels are maintained in the incubator.

Infections

Premature babies are highly vulnerable to infections, which pose a much greater risk than for full-term newborns. It is important for parents to pay special attention not only to the baby’s health and hygiene, but also to their own and that of close family members.

Low body weight

A premature baby may weigh as little as 500 grams – about the size of a small bag of sugar. After birth, some babies may lose weight as excess fluids and salts leave the body through the skin. Medical staff support healthy growth by ensuring proper fluid intake and maintaining optimal humidity and temperature.

Wrinkled appearance

Premature babies often have underdeveloped fat layers beneath the skin, which can make their skin appear more wrinkled.

Irregular breathing

Premature babies frequently experience breathing difficulties due to underdeveloped lungs. Until they are able to breathe independently, medical professionals provide respiratory support and help ensure proper oxygen intake.

Underdeveloped sucking and swallowing reflexes

Many premature newborns have not yet developed the ability to suck and swallow properly, which means they may be unable to feed on their own and require medical assistance and specialized equipment.

All of these characteristics are normal for babies born prematurely. There is no need to worry if your baby looks different from others. With love, support, and patience, these little fighters grow stronger and gradually catch up with their peers.

When a premature baby is born, parents are often overwhelmed by feelings of guilt – wondering what went wrong. The truth is that premature birth can happen to any mother. In many cases, doctors are unable to determine the exact cause, and even a completely normal pregnancy can sometimes result in an early delivery.

Some of the known factors that may contribute to premature birth include:

• Health complications during pregnancy, such as infections (e.g., flu, rubella), kidney disorders, high blood pressure, and others


• Fetal developmental abnormalities


• Serious maternal health conditions existing before pregnancy (e.g., diabetes)


• Changes or damage to the uterus following abortions or uterine surgery


• A history of premature birth


• Reproductive system disorders


• Physical trauma or severe injuries (e.g., burns)

Lifestyle and emotional factors

Ongoing high levels of stress, depression, strained family relationships, and a lifestyle that may be harmful to both the mother and the baby can also increase the risk of premature birth.

A premature baby’s age is usually measured in two ways: chronological age and corrected age.

Corrected age refers to the age the baby would be if they had been born at full term. It is calculated by subtracting the number of weeks or months the baby was born early from their chronological age.

For example, if a baby is 5 months old but was born 3 months early (at 28 weeks), their corrected age would be 2 months (5 months minus 3 months).

Many premature babies catch up with their peers during the first two years of life. Once their development aligns more closely with other children, corrected age is no longer used.

Breast milk is essential

Mother’s milk is vital for premature babies and helps them grow stronger more quickly. After giving birth, a mother produces milk specifically adapted for her premature baby. This milk contains more protein than that produced for full-term infants and has strong anti-infective properties.

Within 3–4 days after birth, the milk becomes richer and more nutritious, providing essential substances needed for the baby’s development.

Feeding in the early weeks

If a baby is born before 30–32 weeks, they are usually not yet able to suck and must be fed through a tube. Even small amounts of the mother’s milk are highly beneficial. Mothers are encouraged to start expressing milk as early as possible – ideally within the first 6 hours after birth – to stimulate milk production and increase the chances of successful breastfeeding.

Typically, expressing milk 8–12 times per day is recommended.

Transition to breastfeeding

From around 30–32 weeks, babies are usually developed enough to begin sucking and swallowing. Breastfeeding can help support their development. It is recommended to feed more frequently but in smaller amounts.

Be patient – premature babies feed more slowly and may take longer to feel full. If the baby becomes tired, allow them to rest. Hunger cues may include crying, sucking on fingers, or searching movements with their hands.

Bottle feeding

If feeding from a bottle, wrap the baby in a blanket while keeping their hands free so they can hold onto the bottle or your finger. Feeding may be easier if the baby is placed slightly on their side, with the head elevated above the legs. Gently supporting the baby’s back can provide comfort during feeding.

Breast milk can be kept at room temperature for a few hours and up to 24 hours in the refrigerator. For longer storage, it should be placed in a sterile container and frozen.

Hygiene and guidance

As with any newborn, maintaining proper hygiene is essential – remember to sterilize bottles, pacifiers, and breast pumps. If you have any concerns about feeding or routines, consult your baby’s healthcare provider.

A premature baby’s first bath usually takes place in the hospital. Even if the baby is receiving additional oxygen, they are briefly disconnected from medical equipment and gently bathed. Once transferred to a neonatal care unit, bathing becomes regular – typically about once a week.

The bathwater should be at body temperature and deep enough to keep the baby warm. The baby’s feet are placed in the water first, while observing their reaction. A nurse is always present during the first baths, explaining each step in detail.

Bathing at home

After returning home, it will be time to bathe your baby independently. A baby bathtub placed on a stable, flat surface is most convenient. Prepare all necessary items in advance – towels, clothes, and supplies – to avoid leaving the baby unattended.

Ask your partner or a family member to assist. Make sure the room is warm and free from drafts to prevent the baby from getting cold.

Getting used to water

Introduce your baby to water gradually. Start by dipping the feet, then gently pour water over other parts of the body, observing the baby’s reaction.

Use lukewarm water and a soft cloth, gauze, or cotton pad for washing. Pay special attention to areas behind the ears, skin folds, hands, and any dry patches.

Soap is not necessary for the first baths – the goal is simply to help the baby get used to water. Later, you may introduce a mild baby soap without fragrances or harsh chemicals.

After bathing, wrap the baby in a soft, absorbent towel. The first baths should be short – just a few minutes is enough. It is recommended to bathe a premature baby 2–3 times per week.

Changing a premature baby’s diaper may feel challenging at first. During the first days, observe how nurses do it.

When you begin changing diapers yourself, unfold the diaper first and place the baby on their side or back. If possible, ask for help – one parent can change the diaper while the other soothes the baby.

Important tips:

• Do not fasten the diaper too high, so the baby can urinate comfortably


• Until the umbilical cord stump falls off and heals, fold down the top of the diaper to avoid irritation


• Premature babies urinate every 1–2 hours and may have bowel movements after each feeding (5–10 times per day)

Diapers should be changed regularly, approximately every 2–3 hours.

After bowel movements, clean the baby with warm water or use fragrance-free wet wipes.

Rest is essential for premature babies who are growing stronger every day, gaining weight, and adapting to life outside the womb. Sleep is vital for their development and provides the energy they need to grow.

A newborn premature baby may sleep a lot – up to 18 hours per day.

Creating a calm sleep environment

Gentle words, touch, rocking, and soothing lullabies help babies fall asleep. While the baby is sleeping, try to minimize external noise and create a calm, peaceful environment that supports rest and recovery.

Newborn premature babies may look extremely fragile, and not all parents feel confident holding them at first. However, touch is incredibly important for a premature baby and helps them grow stronger.

While the baby is in an incubator, and with medical approval, parents can gently reach in and touch the baby – holding their head or feet.

Skin-to-skin contact

Once the baby becomes stronger and can be held, skin-to-skin contact, also known as kangaroo care, becomes very important.

During this method, the baby (wearing only a diaper, hat, and socks) is placed on the bare chest of the mother or father and covered with a soft cloth. This close contact helps build a strong emotional bond, calms the baby, improves sleep, and supports breastfeeding.

It is recommended to hold the baby this way for as long as possible – at least one hour – and to continue kangaroo care after returning home from the hospital.

A premature baby’s health is still very fragile and requires special care, so protecting them from infections is essential.

Hygiene is key

• Always wash and disinfect your hands before touching the baby


• Wash your hands after every diaper change


• Maintain personal hygiene – shower or bathe daily and wear clean clothes

To reduce the risk of infection:

• Avoid wearing accessories where bacteria can accumulate


• Keep nails short and remove nail polish

Additional precautions

In neonatal intensive care units, contact with the baby is not allowed if nails are polished.

Until the baby grows stronger:

• Avoid crowded places


• Be mindful of everyday items that may carry germs (mobile phones, computers, keys, etc.)


• Always wash and disinfect your hands before contact with the baby

You can start going outside with your baby within the first days after returning home. The first outings should be short – around 10 minutes – and gradually increased over time.

During summer

The most important thing is to avoid direct sunlight. Do not take your baby during the hottest part of the day, typically between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m.

Avoid covering the stroller with cloths, blankets, or scarves, as this can cause the baby to overheat easily.

During winter

It is not recommended to go outside in extremely low temperatures. Pay attention to wind conditions and the “feels like” temperature.

On very windy days, you can use a special stroller cover for extra protection.

Because premature babies are highly vulnerable to infections, it is important not to rush introducing them to friends and extended family. It is generally recommended to welcome visitors only about one month after returning home from the hospital.

Make sure to ask visitors not to come if they are feeling unwell. It is also advisable to limit the number of visitors during the colder seasons, when flu, colds, and other illnesses are more widespread.

Parents and family members are also encouraged to avoid unnecessary visits to crowded places such as shopping centres and other public spaces, and to limit non-essential contact with others.

Because premature babies are highly vulnerable to infections, it is important not to rush introducing them to friends and extended family. It is generally recommended to welcome visitors about one month after returning home from the hospital.

Visitors should be asked not to come if they are feeling unwell. It is also advisable to limit the number of visitors during colder seasons, when flu, colds, and other illnesses are more widespread.

Parents and family members are also encouraged to avoid unnecessary visits to crowded places such as shopping centres and other public spaces, and to limit non-essential contact with others.

Once the baby becomes stronger and reaches at least 34–35 weeks of gestational age, going home may soon be possible.

A premature baby is considered ready for discharge when:

• they can maintain a stable body temperature in an open crib for at least 24–48 hours


• they can breathe independently


• they are able to breastfeed or drink from a bottle


• they are steadily gaining weight


• there are no medical complications requiring ongoing treatment

Although it may feel too early to go home, doctors make this decision carefully and never spontaneously. Parents are usually informed in advance, giving them time to prepare for discharge.

Choose a pediatrician (family doctor)

You will need to visit them within a few days after returning home (in some cases, the doctor may visit you at home). Either parent can register the baby with a chosen healthcare provider using the baby’s birth certificate and one parent’s ID.

Important preparations:

• Install a newborn car seat in your car


• Bring all necessary items to the hospital in advance for the journey home


• Learn newborn resuscitation or complete a first aid course


• Encourage family members and close contacts to take care of their health or get vaccinated to reduce the risk of infection

After finally returning home with your premature baby, it may feel like you never want to go back to the hospital again. However, to ensure your baby grows healthy and strong, follow-up visits with doctors are still necessary.

Before discharge, families are usually given a plan outlining future appointments with specialists.

Once you are home, your baby’s care will continue under a family doctor or pediatrician. You should register with a doctor within 3 days after returning home (or you can do this while still in the hospital).

Either parent can register the baby by providing the birth certificate and their own ID. The doctor will assess your baby’s condition and determine how often visits are needed. Typically, check-ups take place about once a month.

During a visit to the doctor:

• The baby is weighed, and their length and head circumference are measured


• The baby’s physical condition is assessed – including skin, heart, lungs, and neurological evaluation


• Psychomotor development is evaluated


• If needed, further specialist visits are scheduled and additional tests may be recommended (blood, urine, stool, etc.)


• Parents receive guidance and answers to any questions they may have

All babies are vaccinated free of charge according to the national childhood immunization schedule approved by the Ministry of Health of Lithuania. Premature babies are vaccinated based on their chronological (birth) age, not their corrected age.

Within the first 12 hours of life, premature babies are vaccinated against hepatitis B. Vaccination against tuberculosis (BCG vaccine) may be postponed for premature infants and is usually given before discharge from the hospital. All other vaccinations are administered according to the standard schedule.

Although premature babies are strong fighters, they are also more fragile and more vulnerable to various health conditions. The conditions listed below are relatively common among premature infants, but this does not mean that your baby will necessarily experience them. This overview is intended to help you better understand medical information – for detailed guidance, always consult healthcare professionals.

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

A breathing disorder caused by underdeveloped lungs. The earlier a baby is born, the higher the risk. RDS occurs due to immature airways and alveoli, as well as a lack of surfactant – a substance that helps keep the lungs expanded.

Treatment may include oxygen therapy delivered via incubator, mask, or CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) to support breathing and improve oxygen absorption.

Apnea of Prematurity

A pause in breathing lasting 15–20 seconds. It can be caused by immature brain respiratory centers, airway narrowing, or other health conditions.

Most babies outgrow this condition before leaving the hospital. If apnea occurs at home, gentle stimulation (rubbing the back, hands, or feet, or lightly waking the baby) may help. In rare cases, resuscitation may be required.

Maintaining a room temperature of 20–22°C and proper sleeping position (avoiding excessive neck flexion or extension) can help reduce the risk.

Bradycardia (Slow Heart Rate)

A premature baby’s normal heart rate is 120–160 beats per minute. A drop to around 100 bpm is considered bradycardia, often associated with apnea.

Babies are closely monitored, kept warm, and may receive oxygen or medication (such as caffeine) if needed.

Jaundice

A common condition in both premature and full-term newborns, caused by a buildup of bilirubin in the blood, leading to yellowing of the skin and eyes.

It usually appears within 48–72 hours after birth and resolves within 10–12 days (sometimes up to 3 weeks in premature babies). Most cases are harmless, but if bilirubin levels are high, phototherapy may be required.

Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)

A serious intestinal condition involving inflammation and damage to the intestinal lining. Symptoms may include abdominal swelling, feeding intolerance, vomiting, blood in stool, or redness of the abdomen.

Treatment includes stopping feeding, gastric decompression, IV fluids, antibiotics, and monitoring. In severe cases, surgery may be required.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

A heart condition where a blood vessel that should close after birth remains open. Symptoms may include irregular heartbeat, bluish skin, shortness of breath, poor feeding, and slow weight gain.

Diagnosis may involve ECG, X-ray, or ultrasound. Treatment may include catheter-based procedures or surgery.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

A chronic lung condition caused by underdeveloped lungs. It can lead to breathing difficulties and increased infection risk.

As the lungs grow and mature, many babies gradually outgrow this condition.

Sepsis

A serious bloodstream infection, classified as:

• Early-onset sepsis (within 72 hours after birth), often caused by bacteria passed from the mother


• Late-onset sepsis (after 72 hours), often acquired from the environment or medical equipment

Symptoms may include temperature instability, poor feeding, vomiting, skin color changes, breathing difficulties, and increased irritability.

Treatment involves intravenous antibiotics, with duration depending on severity.

Cyanosis

A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by reduced oxygen levels in the blood.

It may be related to respiratory or heart conditions, but mild cyanosis is common in newborns due to immature circulation and often resolves on its own. If it persists, medical attention is required.

Yes. Families with premature babies may be eligible for various forms of financial support. These include general benefits available to all families with children, as well as compensation for lost income for parents whose work is affected by the early birth of their baby.

In addition to financial support, families can also access services designed to strengthen and support family well-being.

Basic benefits

Child benefit

A monthly payment is provided for every child from birth until the age of 18 (or until the child becomes legally emancipated or marries). The benefit equals 1.75 times the base social benefit (from January 1, 2024 – €96.25 per month).

One-time birth grant

A one-time payment of €605 is granted for each child born in Lithuania. Applications can be submitted within 12 months from the child’s date of birth.

Maternity benefit

The minimum maternity benefit (as of January 2024) is:

€392 (before tax) for entitlement acquired in January 2024

€440 (before tax) for entitlement acquired from February 2024 onwards

There is no maximum cap – the actual amount depends on previous earnings.

Paternity benefit

Paternity benefit amounts to 77.58% of gross salary.

Minimum amounts:

€392 (before tax) (January 2024)

€440 (before tax) (from February 2024 onwards)

The maximum reimbursable salary cannot exceed twice the national average monthly wage from the previous quarter.

Additional provisions for premature births

For women who give birth between 22 and 30 weeks of pregnancy:

Maternity benefit is paid for 28 calendar days after birth

If the baby survives 28 days or longer, the benefit extends to 126 calendar days

In cases of complications or multiple births, an additional 14 days is granted

For women who give birth at 30 weeks or later:

Maternity benefit is paid for 126 calendar days

An additional 14 days is granted in case of complications or multiple births

If maternity leave was not taken before birth:

Benefit is paid for 56 days after birth

70 days in case of complications or multiple births

For guardians of a newborn:

Maternity benefit is paid from the date guardianship is established until the baby reaches 70 days of age

Benefits are paid for the full eligible period, regardless of how many days were actually used before birth.

Support for children with disabilities

An additional €56.65 per month is provided alongside the child benefit for:

children from large or low-income families

children with disabilities

For more detailed information about available benefits, please consult official government sources.

The unexpected arrival of a premature baby often brings an emotional rollercoaster for the whole family – relief and joy may quickly be followed by चिंता and worry about the baby’s health. The most important thing is not to withdraw or face it alone – there are many people who have gone through similar experiences and are ready to listen, support, and share.

Immediate emotional support

If you are experiencing emotional distress and need someone to talk to right now, you can contact emotional support services by phone, online chat, or email.

You can also receive free psychological consultations without a referral at mental health centres or public health bureaus. These institutions also offer group sessions focused on stress management, emotional well-being, and peer support.

If you need help with mental health or behavioral conditions, you can consult a psychiatrist at a mental health centre. They will assess your condition, provide a diagnosis, and recommend treatment (medication and/or therapy).

In more complex cases, you may be referred for specialized care in a hospital, day clinic, or psychotherapy.

Emergency

In urgent situations where there is a risk to health or life, call 112 immediately.

Support organizations and helplines

Ankstukai Community

Support for families with premature babies

Email: parama@ankstukai.lt

Women’s Support Line

Emotional support for mothers experiencing difficulties

Tel: 8 800 66366

Tėvų linija (Parents’ Line)

Professional psychological support for parents, adoptive parents, guardians, and grandparents

Tel: 8 800 90012

Mamos linija (Mothers’ Line)

Support for mothers experiencing postpartum emotional challenges

Tel: +370 686 69613

Email: laiskaimamai@mamoslinija.lt

Padedu augti

Volunteer support for families with premature babies

Tel: +370 677 81570

Email: info@padeduaugti.lt

Ankstukai Support Line

24/7 support for families with premature babies

Tel: +370 612 03800

Email: ankstukulinija@gmail.com

Infant Loss Support

Comprehensive psychosocial support for families who have lost a baby

Krizių įveikimo centras

Psychological support in person or remotely (first consultation free)

Tel: +370 640 51555

Email: info@krizesiveikimas.lt

Crisis Response Team

Free support across Lithuania during family or organizational crises

Tel: 1815 / +370 524 17895Email: mobilikomanda@krizesiveikimas.lt

Other support services

Crisis Pregnancy Centre

Ongoing support for pregnancy-related crises

“Tu esi”

Information and help in cases of suicide crisis

Specialized Support Centres

Free and confidential help for victims of domestic violence

Caritas Mother and Child Homes

Long-term support and shelter for mothers

Vilties linija (Hope Line)

Free and anonymous emotional support for adults

Tel: 116 123

Email: 116123@viltieslinija.lt

Jaunimo linija (Youth Line)

Free emotional support by phone, email, and online chat

Tel: 8 800 28888

Resources and initiatives for families

Doula Association – emotional and physical support during pregnancy and postpartum

“Drauge” – long-term emotional support from volunteers for parents

“Mama mums rūpi” – postpartum depression awareness and support

“Namų mama” – free community for mothers

“Galių dėžutė” – information for families with children with developmental challenges

Pregnancy Calendar – informational materials for expecting and new parents

“Kalba mamos” – podcast and community for mothers

Helpful mobile apps

“Ramu” – support during panic attacks and daily emotional regulation

“Atsipūsk” – mindfulness and meditation practices

“Pagalba sau” – self-help app for tracking emotional well-being and finding support

“Ankstukai” is the first support initiative in Lithuania dedicated to premature babies. Now marking its 10th spring in 2024, the project aims to provide comprehensive support that helps premature babies grow, develop, and overcome even the most serious challenges.

The initiative provides life-saving medical equipment to hospitals, organizes psychological support for parents, offers essential items, and delivers other forms of support to these little fighters and their families.

Support for “Ankstukai” helps save the lives of fragile babies born too soon. Anyone can contribute in various ways:

• donating a portion of their income tax (1.2%)


• making bank transfers


• purchasing specially marked products in stores


• or supporting in other ways

Your contribution helps provide vital medical equipment and comprehensive support for babies and their families.

The “Premature Baby Starter Kit” helps families adjust to the unexpected arrival of their baby. It includes:

• special diapers


• first clothing and a hat


• a blanket


• the informational book “Premature Baby”


• and other essential items needed during the first days of life

You can support premature babies by donating clothing or essential items for their first year of life.

For donations, please contact:

parama@ankstukai.lt

The “Ankstukai” foundation is always looking for volunteers who want to contribute to supporting premature babies.

Volunteers help with:

• event organization


• project communication


• partner and sponsor outreach


• and other activities

To volunteer, contact us at:

parama@ankstukai.lt

If you would like to discontinue your support, please contact us at:

parama@ankstukai.lt

Include your name and surname, and we will assist you.